Abstract
With the development of smart devices and connection technologies, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly intelligent. New or special functions can be obtained by receiving new versions of program codes to upgrade their software systems, forming the so-called smart Internet of Things (IoT). Due to the lossy property of wireless channels, data collection in WSNs still suffers from a long delay, high energy consumption, and many retransmissions. Thanks to wireless software-defined networks (WSDNs), software in sensors can now be updated to help them transmit data cooperatively, thereby achieving more reliable communication. In this paper, a Reliability Improved Cooperative Communication (RICC) data collection scheme is proposed to improve the reliability of random-network-coding-based cooperative communications in multi-hop relay WSNs without reducing the network lifetime. In WSNs, sensors in different positions can have different numbers of packets to handle, resulting in the unbalanced energy consumption of the network. In particular, nodes in non-hotspot areas have up to 90% of their original energy remaining when the network dies. To efficiently use the residual energy, in RICC, high data transmission power is adopted in non-hotspot areas to achieve a higher reliability at the cost of large energy consumption, and relatively low transmission power is adopted in hotspot areas to maintain the long network lifetime. Therefore, high reliability and a long network lifetime can be obtained simultaneously. The simulation results show that compared with other scheme, RICC can reduce the end-to-end Message Fail delivering Ratio (MFR) by 59.4%–62.8% under the same lifetime with a more balanced energy utilization.
Highlights
Cooperative Communications (NCCC), Reliability Improved Cooperative Communications (RICC) has following features: (a) the network energy utilization ratio is enhanced by as much as 50% on average; and (b) it significantly improves the reliability of data collection, and under the same lifetime, RICC can reduce the weighted end-to-end Message Fail delivering Ratio (MFR) by approximately 59.4% to 62.8%
MFR in RICC is much lower than that in Network Coding-based Cooperative Communications scheme (NCCC); the percentage reduction is at least 50%
A larger energy consumption with NCCC, except for those the area close a larger energy consumption compared with NCCC, except for those in the area very close to the sink
Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) [1,2,3,4] uses smart equipment such as sensor-based devices [5,6,7,8,9,10,11], smartphones [12] and vehicle sensor devices [13] to gathering information and give a different method for carrying out complex data-sensing-based tasks to satisfy the significant demands of critical infrastructures [14,15,16,17,18], such as environmental and weather monitoring systems [19,20,21,22,23]. In this paper, based on a WSDN in which software inside the sensors can help them construct clusters to perform the data collection task, a data collection scheme named Reliability Improved Cooperative Communications (RICC) is proposed to increase the network reliability and energy utilization ratio without harming the network lifetime. Cooperative Communications (NCCC), RICC has following features: (a) the network energy utilization ratio is enhanced by as much as 50% on average; and (b) it significantly improves the reliability of data collection, and under the same lifetime, RICC can reduce the weighted end-to-end MFR by approximately 59.4% to 62.8%. Cooperative Communications (NCCC), RICC has following features: (a) the network energy utilization ratio is enhanced by as much as 50% on average; and (b) it significantly improves the Symmetry 2017, 9, 209 of data collection, and under the same lifetime, RICC can reduce the of 22 reliability weighted end-to-end MFR by approximately 59.4% to 62.8%
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call