Abstract
Distributed generation (DG), battery storage (BS) and electric vehicles (EVs) in a microgrid constitute the combined power generation system (CPGS). A CPGS can be applied to achieve a reliable evaluation of a distribution network with microgrids. To model charging load and discharging capacity, respectively, the EVs in a CPGS can be divided into regular EVs and ruleless EVs, according to their driving behavior. Based on statistical data of gasoline-fueled vehicles and the probability distribution of charging start instant and charging time, a statistical model can be built to describe the charging load and discharging capacity of ruleless EVs. The charge and discharge curves of regular EVs can also be drawn on the basis of a daily dispatch table. The CPGS takes the charge and discharge curves of EVs, daily load and DG power generation into consideration to calculate its power supply time during islanding. Combined with fault duration, the power supply time during islanding will be used to analyze and determine the interruption times and interruption duration of loads in islands. Then the Sequential Monte Carlo method is applied to complete the reliability evaluation of the distribution system. The RBTS Bus 4 test system is utilized to illustrate the proposed technique. The effects on the system reliability of BS capacity and V2G technology, driving behavior, recharging mode and penetration of EVs are all investigated.
Highlights
The seriousness of environmental pollution and fossil energy shortages has created an increased interest in the development and utilization of Distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicles (EVs).The large-scale application of EVs alleviates in part the energy shortage [1], and vehicle-to-grid (V2G)technology allows EVs to provide electricity to the grid at an appropriate time
battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can be regarded as a special load, because they do not need to consume real-time electricity and use power stored in advance, which is different from usual loads
If EreBEV 0 at time T1, this shows the BEV has used up its stored power, and the BEV must be charged at the moment
Summary
The seriousness of environmental pollution and fossil energy shortages has created an increased interest in the development and utilization of Distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicles (EVs). EV classifications and charging modes to simulate the charging demand and discharging capacity of EVs. In addition, the two models all cover some factors, including driving habits of drivers, battery characteristic of EVs and number of EVs. The charging demand model is mainly used in probabilistic load flow calculations and power quality analysis [17,18,19], and it is rarely applied to analyze the above three factors’ impact on the reliability of the distribution network. A combined power generation system including DG, BS and EVs in a microgrid is proposed and its power supply time during islanding is calculated, aiming to provide a reliability evaluation of a distribution network with microgrids. The effects on the system reliability of BS capacity and V2G technology, driving behavior, recharging mode and penetration of EV are investigated
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