Abstract
Smart cities are aimed at improving citizens’ life quality. However, they also bring unintended pitfalls of information insecurity, and these have not been studied sufficiently in an empirical way. System reliability as one of the quality attributes of information security, was investigated within the context of smart parking information system due to its close relevance with the ongoing smart city development globally. Through fuzzy fault tree analysis with the aid of structured interviews, it was found that a failure in a central system server may be caused by malicious attacks, human errors, and hardware and software failures. Survey results showed that improving firewalls and renewing recovery plans are necessary to defend against rampant malicious attacks; human errors as a non-technological factor may be reduced by well-planned training programs besides good operational governance and a timely recovery plan. Although system downtime is unavoidable, it can be reduced by proactive solutions including data backup and the provision of redundant servers and power supplies. All in all, an integrated approach is needed to mitigate against system unreliability.
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