Abstract
MicroRNA molecules consisting of 19–23 nucleotides influence numerous basic physiological and pathophysiological processes, as endogenous mediators of RNA interference. These molecules are capable of specifically inhibiting the translation of messenger RNA molecules, but in some cases also promote the degradation of mRNA-s. Altered microRNA expression profiles were noted in some human diseases, most data, however, are known for neoplasms. Characteristic microRNA profiles are known both in solid and haematologic malignancies. MicroRNA profiles enable the distinction of benign follicular adenomes from follicular neoplasms of the thyroid. The microRNA expression patterns could be associated with the clinical behaviour of certain tumours (e.g. lung tumours and chronic lymphocytic leukemia) as well. It is possible that small molecular weight RNA-s may be used for therapeutical purposes in the future.
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