Abstract
The relaxor behaviors near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) can reduce the energy barrier for polarization rotation, which is an effective strategy to improve the piezoelectric properties of materials. In this work, the phase structure, microstructure, and piezoelectric properties of (0.69-x)Bi1.02FeO3-0.31BaTiO3-xBi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) ceramics were systematically studied. The addition of a tiny amount of Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3 was found to cause the phase to transform from R-phase-dominant ferroelectrics (FEs) to PC-phase-dominant relaxor ferroelectrics (RFEs). The dielectric and electrical data reveal that nonergodic relaxor ferroelectrics (NE-RFEs) near the MPB were favorable for domain switching, which contributed to the enhanced piezoelectric and electrostrain properties of d33 = 182 pC/N, TC = 475 °C, and S = 0.21% at x = 0.04. Finally, a model of domain growth induced by an electric field was proposed for FEs and NE-RFEs.
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