Abstract
The Dirac equation for the spherical symmetrical potential of hafnium atoms and ions with various electron configurations has been calculated numerically by using a relativistic local density functional approximation. Electron binding energies, ionization potential, X-ray emission energies, and Auger electron energies are evaluated by the total energy difference (ΔSCF) method and Slater's transition-state method. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental results measured by spectroscopies
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