Abstract
We explore relativistic freeze-in production of scalar dark matter in gauged B − L model, where we focus on the production of dark matter from the decay and annihilation of Standard Model (SM) and B − L Higgs bosons. We consider the Bose-Einstein (BE) and Fermi-Dirac (FD) statistics, along with the thermal mass correction of the SM Higgs boson in our analysis. We show that in addition to the SM Higgs boson, the annihilation and decay of the B − L scalar can also contribute substantially to the dark matter relic density. Potential effects of electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) and thermal mass correction in BE framework enhance the dark matter relic substantially as it freezes-in near EWSB temperature via scalar annihilation. However, such effects are not so prominent when the dark matter freezes-in at a later epoch than EWSB, dominantly by decay of scalars. The results of this analysis are rather generic, and applicable to other similar scenarios.
Highlights
Freezing-in along side the dark matter [10]
We explore relativistic freeze-in production of scalar dark matter in gauged B − L model, where we focus on the production of dark matter from the decay and annihilation of Standard Model (SM) and B −L Higgs bosons
In this article we explore the regime, where the B − L gauge boson contribution is negligible in dark matter relic density, and the freeze-in dynamics is governed by annihilation and decays of SM and B − L scalars
Summary
We consider gauged B − L model that contains one SM gauge singlet complex scalar field S and three heavy right handed neutrinos (RH-neutrinos) Ni. As is evident from the above Lagrangian, the model contains quartic interactions involving dark matter-Higgs, as well as dark matter-S fields, that have major impact in determining the dark matter relic abundance Other than these particles, the model contains B−L gauge boson ZBL. After the re-heating or B − L symmetry breaking, the field S acquires a mass 200 GeV, that we consider throughout our analysis. The production of φD through gauge interactions are determined by gauge coupling gBL along with the charge qDM of φD state, the dark matter mass mφDM and B −L gauge boson mass mZBL. We primarily focus on the dark matter production via the scalar states and for this purpose the qDM is chosen to be sufficiently small, such that, the production of φD through gauge interactions becomes negligible. We present a relative comparison between these two different production modes to justify our choice of parameters
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