Relative lateral wall thickness is an improved predictor for postoperative lateral wall fracture after trochanteric femoral fracture osteosynthesis

Abstract

Lateral wall thickness is a known predictor for postoperative stability of trochanteric femoral fractures and occurrence of secondary lateral wall fractures. Currently, the AO/OTA classification relies on the absolute lateral wall thickness (aLWT) to distinguish between stable A1.3 and unstable A2.1 fractures that does not take interpersonal patient differences into account. Thus, a more individualized and accurate measure would be favorable. Therefore, we proposed and validated a new patient-specific measure—the relative lateral wall thickness (rLWT)—to consider individualized measures and hypothesized its higher sensitivity and specificity compared with aLWT. First, in 146 pelvic radiographs of patients without a trochanteric femoral fracture, the symmetry of both caput-collum-diaphyseal angle (CCD) and total trochanteric thickness (TTT) was assessed to determine whether the contralateral side can be used for rLWT determination. Then, data of 202 patients were re-evaluated to compare rLWT versus previously published aLWT. Bilateral symmetry was found for both CCD and TTT (p ≥ 0.827), implying that bone morphology and geometry of the contralateral intact side could be used to calculate rLWT. Validation revealed increased accuracy of the rLWT compared with the gold standard aLWT, with increased specificity by 3.5% (Number Needed to Treat = 64 patients) and sensitivity by 1% (Number Needed to Treat = 75 patients). The novel rLWT is a more accurate and individualized predictor of secondary lateral wall fractures compared with the standard aLWT. This study established the threshold of 50.5% rLWT as a reference value for predicting fracture stability in trochanteric femoral fractures.