Abstract
The relationships among 55 wheat accessions (47 accessions collected from Iran and eight accessions provided by the Institute of Plant Biology of the University of Zurich, Switzerland) belonging to eight species carrying A genome (Triticum monococcum L., T. boeoticum Boiss., T. urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, T. durum Desf., T. turgidum L., T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübler, T. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebner) Schweinf. and T. aestivum L.) were evaluated using 31 A genome specific microsatellite markers. A high level of polymorphism was observed among the accessions studied (PIC = 0.77). The highest gene diversity was revealed among T. durum genotypes, while the lowest genetic variation was found in T. dicoccoides accessions. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a significant genetic variance (75.56%) among these accessions, representing a high intra-specific genetic diversity within Triticum taxa in Iran. However, such a variance was not observed among their ploidy levels. Based on the genetic similarity analysis, the accessions collected from Iran were divided into two main groups: diploids and polyploids. The genetic similarity among the diploid and polyploid species was 0.85 and 0.89 respectively. There were no significant differences in A genome diversity from different geographic regions. Based on the genetic diversity analyses, we consider there is value in a greater sampling of each species in Iran to discover useful genes for breeding purposes.
Highlights
The genus Triticum L. is one of the most important genera in the tribe Triticeae and has been the focus of many biosystematic studies
Triticum using 31 primer sets originally designed for the microsatellites of A genome
Based on the results of this study, and those previously reported [82,83], it can be concluded that a hypothetical process of hybridization, polyploidization and genomic differentiation can result in the A
Summary
The genus Triticum L. is one of the most important genera in the tribe Triticeae and has been the focus of many biosystematic studies. The ancestral diploid species of A, B and D genome have diverged from a common ancestor about three million years ago [3]. From these ancestral diploids, two species hybridized somewhere along the Fertile Crescent to form the first tetraploid Triticum species [4]. The processes of polyploidization and genomic differentiation resulted in the present day genus. The A and D genomes which are less differentiated from those of the parental diploids, are considered as pivotal genomes [6,7]. Many reports indicated that the A genome has suffered different changes in T. urarto
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