Relationships Among Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Mental Health Status in Patient–Provider Interactions

Abstract

Patient–provider interactions are associated with improved health outcomes and are of particular importance to individuals with mental health disabilities. We examine the relation between having a severe mental health–related disability (SMD) and patient–provider interactions and whether this is moderated by patient race/ethnicity and gender. We pooled Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data over multiple years and used multivariate techniques to examine the relation between having a SMD, race/ethnicity and gender and four measures of patient/provider interactions (e.g., being treated with respect). Adults with SMD had significantly higher relative risks (RRs) of reporting poorer interactions across measures. Although some effects of race/ethnicity and gender were observed, they did not moderate SMD. Individuals with Medicaid coverage or no health insurance had higher RRs of poorer interactions, while individuals with a person as a usual source of care had lower RRs. Incorporating these process measures of care into national quality initiatives may foster improved interactions. Continued policy support of models of care such as medical homes may enhance interactions as well.