Abstract
Background and objectives: In healthy individuals, autonomic alterations are associated with the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors. However, in individuals with type 1 diabetes, who are known to present autonomic alterations, mainly characterized by a reduction in parasympathetic modulation, these associations have not yet been investigated. We assess whether the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors influences parasympathetic indices of heart rate variability in young people with type 1 diabetes. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 39 individuals with type 1 diabetes (22.54 ± 4.31), evaluated in relation to the risk factors: blood pressure, fat percentage, and resting heart rate. For heart rate variability analysis, heart rate was recorded beat-to-beat using a cardio frequency meter (PolarS810i) for 30 min with the volunteers in dorsal decubitus. The parasympathetic heart rate variability indices were calculated: rMSSD, pNN50, high frequency (HF) n.u (normalized units), SD1, 2LV, and 2ULV. Data collection was carried out in 2014 and analyzed in 2017. Results: Individuals with two aggregate risk factors present a reduction in the values of the indices that reflect parasympathetic autonomic modulation compared to individuals without the risk factors analyzed, regardless of sex and age. Conclusion: In young people with type 1 diabetes, the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors is associated with parasympathetic autonomic impairment.
Highlights
Studies have pointed out that the aggregation of one or more risk factors is associated with a reduction in cardiac autonomic modulation in children [1], adolescents [2], and healthy adults [3].An early indicator of alterations in autonomic modulation is a reduction in heart rate variability (HRV) [4,5]
Due to the importance of autonomic control for diabetes populations, the high number of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the possibility of these factors being present in the same individual, the novelty of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between the aggregation of CVD risk factors and parasympathetic indices of heart rate variability in young people with type 1 diabetes
Several studies have evaluated the behavior of the autonomic nervous system in individuals with diabetes in the presence of isolated risk factors [12,13,14,26], this is the first study to evaluate the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors on the parasympathetic modulation of young people with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes
Summary
An early indicator of alterations in autonomic modulation is a reduction in heart rate variability (HRV) [4,5]. In individuals with type 1 diabetes, who are known to present autonomic alterations, mainly characterized by a reduction in parasympathetic modulation, these associations have not yet been investigated. We assess whether the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors influences parasympathetic indices of heart rate variability in young people with type 1 diabetes. Results: Individuals with two aggregate risk factors present a reduction in the values of the indices that reflect parasympathetic autonomic modulation compared to individuals without the risk factors analyzed, regardless of sex and age. Conclusion: In young people with type 1 diabetes, the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors is associated with parasympathetic autonomic impairment
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