Relationship of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels with Sarcopenia and Body Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: APaired Case-Control Study.

Abstract

Sarcopenia is a leading health problem among older adults. However, few studies have explored the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, sarcopenia, and body composition in older Chinese individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels with sarcopenia, sarcopenia indices, and body composition in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. Paired case-control study. This case-control study enrolled 66 older adults newly diagnosed with sarcopenia (sarcopenia group) and 66 older adults without sarcopenia (non-sarcopenia group) after screening in the community. The definition of sarcopenia was based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Spearman's correlation was used to examine the correlations among sarcopenia indices, body composition, and serum 25(OH)D. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the sarcopenia group (29.08 ± 15.11ng/mL) than in the non-sarcopenia group (36.28 ± 14.68ng/mL) (P < .05). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia (OR, 7.75; 95% CI, 1.96-30.71). Serum 25(OH)D levels in men were positively correlated with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) (r= 0.286; P = .029) and negatively correlated with gait speed (r=-0.282; P= .032). Serum 25(OH)D levels in women were positively correlated with SMI (r= 0.450; P < .001), skeletal muscle mass (r= 0.395; P < .001), and fat-free mass (r= 0.412; P < .001). Serum 25(OH)D levels were lower in older adults with sarcopenia than those in adults without sarcopenia. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of sarcopenia, and serum 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with SMI.