Abstract
Salivary proteins are the initial contact between sedentary insect pests and their host plants. It is expected that one or more salivary proteins mediate the interaction between Hessian fly and wheat, in which a feeding site is established to the benefit of the fly. A survey of 52 loci annotated as insect secreted salivary proteins was conducted in 384 individuals evenly distributed among eight biotypes of Hessian fly (B, C, D, E, GP, L, O, and vH9). Amplicons were sequenced with Illumina, and sequence reads were aligned to the reference sequences from which primers had been designed. Positions of consistent base variation (998 in all) were identified and tabulated by biotype. No varying position was associated with biotype-wide virulence to any one of wheat resistance genes H3, H5, H6, H7/H8, H9, H11, H13, and H26. The multiplate pooling strategy utilized in this study is an effective, affordable way to reveal the genotype of hundreds of individuals at tens of genetic loci.
Highlights
As the third largest producer of wheat in the world, the United States exported 27.2 million tonnes of wheat during the 2018-19 growing season [1]
It is expected that one or more salivary proteins mediate the interaction between Hessian fly and wheat, in which a feeding site is established to the benefit of the fly
A survey of 52 loci annotated as insect secreted salivary proteins was conducted in 384 individuals evenly distributed among eight biotypes of Hessian fly (B, C, D, E, GP, L, O, and vH9)
Summary
As the third largest producer of wheat in the world, the United States exported 27.2 million tonnes of wheat during the 2018-19 growing season [1]. To fight wheat yield loss due to Hessian fly infestation, it is necessary to be able to identify the molecular mechanisms that operate during wheat-Hessian fly interac-. Secreted salivary proteins are the major point of contact between sucking insects and their plant hosts. We report an investigation of the distribution of polymorphic nucleotides for 52 secreted salivary proteins in samples of eight biotypes that had been maintained for many years in laboratory culture, since these sites would be potential biomarkers for virulence. We looked for correlation between specific polymorphic sites and biotype, i.e., virulence to a particular set of wheat R genes
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