Abstract
BackgroundDespite oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plays important roles in the pro-inflammatory and atherosclerotic processes, the relationships with metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers have been only scarcely investigated in young adult people. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess plasma ox-LDL concentrations and the potential association with oxidative stress markers as well as with anthropometric and metabolic features in healthy young adults.MethodsThis study enrolled 160 healthy subjects (92 women/68 men; 23 ± 4 y; 22.0 ± 2.9 kg/m2). Anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, lifestyle features, biochemical data, and oxidative stress markers were assessed with validated tools. Selenium, copper, and zinc nail concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.ResultsTotal cholesterol (TC), LDL-c and uric acid concentrations, TC-to-HDL-c ratio, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were positive predictors of ox-LDL concentrations, while nail selenium level (NSL) was a negative predictor, independently of gender, age, smoking status, physical activity. Those individuals included in the highest tertile of GPx activity (≥611 nmol/[mL/min]) and of NSL (≥430 ng/g of nail) had higher and lower ox-LDL concentrations, respectively, independently of the same covariates plus truncal fat or body mass index, and total cholesterol or LDL-c concentrations.ConclusionsOx-LDL concentrations were significantly associated with lipid biomarkers, GPx activity, uric acid concentration, and NSL, independently of different assayed covariates, in young healthy adults. These findings jointly suggest the early and complex relationship between lipid profile and redox status balance.
Highlights
Despite oxidized low density lipoprotein plays important roles in the pro-inflammatory and atherosclerotic processes, the relationships with metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers have been only scarcely investigated in young adult people
A lipid profile characterized by reduced high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations and increased low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglycerides concentrations as well as increased total cholesterol-to-HDL-c ratio constitutes a high risk for type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases [1,2,3]
Experimental studies showed an increase in the activity of this enzyme in endothelial cells or macrophages treated with oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), as a protective mechanism against the increased generation of reactive oxygen species induced by oxLDL [17,18], while other observational study reported a positive association between glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and oxLDL in healthy young Spanish adults, despite it was not statistically significant [16]
Summary
Despite oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plays important roles in the pro-inflammatory and atherosclerotic processes, the relationships with metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers have been only scarcely investigated in young adult people. The aim of this study was to assess plasma ox-LDL concentrations and the potential association with oxidative stress markers as well as with anthropometric and metabolic features in healthy young adults. Oxidative stress impairment or altered antioxidant status have been suggested as pivotal keys in the onset of certain chronic diseases [4,5]. In this sense, oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), a recognized oxidative stress marker, has been positively associated with central obesity [6], metabolic syndrome manifestation [7] and atherosclerosis [8]. The relationship of ox-LDL with lipid and oxidative stress biomarkers has been only modestly investigated in young adult people [16], while its association with nail selenium levels has not been apparently reported
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