Abstract
Heavy metals may exacerbate metabolic syndrome (MS) but abnormal serum concentrations of bioelements may also co-exist with MS. The primary aim of the study was to assess the relationship of blood heavy metal and bioelement concentrations and MS, in men aged 50–75 years. Heavy metals—lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), tungsten (W), Macroelements—magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), and microelements—iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn), body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), abdominal circumference (AC) and blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TCh), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, and Homeostasis Model Assessment—Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The men with MS showed statistically significant higher Zn and lower Mg concentrations. Those with diabetes had higher Ca concentration and lower Mg concentration. Cr and Mn concentrations were significantly higher in obese men. The participants with hypertension had lower Mg concentration. We found statistically significant positive correlations (W-TCh, W-LDL, Mg-TCh, Mg-LDL, Ca-TCh, Ca-LDL, Ca-insulin, Ca-HOMAR-IR, Zn-TG, Zn-insulin, Zn-HOMA-IR, Cu-BP systolic, Mn-BMI, Mn-AC, Mn-WHR, Mn-insulin, Mn-HOMA-IR, Se-TCh, Se-LDL, Se-TG, Se-insulin, Se-HOMA-IR, Cr-TCh, Cr-HDL, Cr-LDL, Cr-TG) and negative correlations (Cd-insulin, Hg-WHR, W-insulin, W-HOMA-IR, Mg-BMI, Mg-AC, Mg-WHR, Mg-BP systolic, Mo-insulin, Mn-HDL). Tungsten may contribute to lipid disorders. Magnesium appears to play the protective role in the occurrence of metabolic disorders. Microelements Mn, Cr and Se may intensify MS.
Highlights
Those with diabetes had higher Ca concentration and lower Mg concentration
Our results show that the greater the abdominal circumference, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and blood pressure (BP), the lower Mg concentration in the serum, which may result from a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet
We found a relationship between Se concentration and lipid metabolism and carbohydrate parameters, which suggests that higher concentrations of this element may contribute to metabolic disorders
Summary
Those with diabetes had higher Ca concentration and lower Mg concentration. Cr and Mn concentrations were significantly higher in obese men. Some studies in animal models demonstrate that W intake contributes to weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity [11,12], this weigh loss may be secondary to low grade toxicity. Magnesium is a cofactor of many enzymes involved in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates, and hypomagnesaemia often coexists with MS, TIIDM, insulin resistance and hypertension (HA) [13,14,15,16], the role of Mg supplementation in the normalization of the metabolic profile is equivocal [13,17,18]. Research on relationships between Zn and Cu concentrations and the occurrence of TIIDM show that in type 2
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