Relationship between smoking status and sleeping duration in male adults in 15 provinces of China, 2015

Abstract

Objective: To assess the relationship between smoking status and sleep duration in male adults in urban-rural areas of 15 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in China in 2015. Methods: Data were derived from the China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study 2015, a total of 4 419 participants aged 18-64 years, including 1 713 urban males (38.8%) and 2 706 rural males (61.2%), with complete information about smoking status and sleep duration were included in the final analysis. Based on the number of cigarettes consumed daily, the current smokers were classified to be heavy (25 cigarettes/d and above), moderate (15-24 cigarettes/d), and light (1-14 cigarettes/d). Sleep duration was classified to be insufficient (<7 h/d), sufficient (7-9 h/d), and excessive (9 h/d and above). Two-level mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models were used for association analysis. Results: The smoking rates in male adults in urban and rural areas were 45.7% and 53.8%, respectively. In male heavy smokers in urban and rural areas, the proportions of sufficient sleep were the lowest (66.7% and 68.1%). However, the proportions of sleep deprivation were highest (15.3% and 20.3%). After controlling for confounding factors, the net effect on male heavy smokers was a significant decrease of 0.21 h/d (β=-0.21, 95%CI: -0.44 - -0.01) in sleep duration. Moreover, the odds ratio for insufficient sleep were 1.83 (95%CI: 1.03-3.23) in male heavy smokers in rural area compared with nonsmokers. Conclusion: Heavy smoking is associated with decreased sleep duration and increased risk of sleep deprivation in male adults in rural China.