Relationship between serum IgA levels and low percentage forced expiratory volume in the first second in asthma

Abstract

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is suggested to have pathogenic effects in respiratory inflammatory diseases, including asthma. We aimed to analyze the relationship between serum IgA, and clinical indicators and biomarkers of asthma. The present study was a post hoc analysis of the NHOM Asthma Study. In the present study, serum IgA was measured using serum samples stored. We determined an association between the serum IgA level and clinical variables and biomarkers using multivariate linear regression and analyzed the differences in clinical indices between IgA high- and IgA low-asthma. In the present study, 572 patients with asthma were included in the final analysis. Lower percentage forced expiratory volume in the first second (%FEV1), higher serum eotaxin levels, lower serum ST2 levels, and higher serum MIP-1β levels, were independently and significantly associated with higher serum IgA levels among asthma patients by multivariate linear regression analysis (%FEV1, 95% confidence interval [CI], -8.18– -0.613, p < 0.05; eotaxin, 95% CI, 8.95–46.69, p < 0.001; ST2, 95% CI, -73.71– -7.37, p < 0.05; and MIP-1β, 95% CI, 1.47–18.71, p < 0.05). Furthermore, IgA high-asthma (serum IgA ≥ 238 mg/dL, n = 270) and IgA low-asthma (serum IgA < 238 mg/dL, n = 302) were compared separately. %FEV1 was significantly lower, the percentage of atopy was higher, and serum MIP-1β level was higher in IgA high-asthma. The present study suggests that serum IgA may be involved in the worsening of asthma outcomes, as assessed by %FEV1 and enhanced inflammation via elevated serum MIP-1β.