Abstract
Analyze the influence of sarcopenia in bone health of elderly men. This cross-sectional study evaluated 198 men aged over 60 years. Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The BMD was measured at the femoral neck, total hip, lumbar spine and 33% radius. The diagnosis of abnormal BMD was defined for men who presented densitometric diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis defined by T-score of femoral neck, total hip and lumbar spine. The pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia were defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. The group diagnosed with normal BMD, compared to the group of abnormal BMD, have significantly higher body weight, body mass index, grip strength, lean mass, fat mass, and relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass (RASM). However, after multiple linear regression analysis, we found that only the RASM, lean mass, and handgrip strength in the dominant hand influenced the variability of the BMD after adjustment for age and weight. Regression analyzes showed a positive association between greater appendicular lean mass and a smaller number of elderly patients with abnormal BMD diagnostic. The regression analyzes showed that elderly men diagnosed with pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia had more abnormal BMD than non-sarcopenic elderly men. We concluded that pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia were associated with abnormal BMD. The lean mass, compared to fat mass, has a greater positive influence on the BMD of elderly men. This result suggests the importance of the increase in lean mass for the bone health of elderly men.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem in the male population [1]
According to table 1, we can see that men diagnosed with sarcopenia have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score of the femoral neck compared to men with normal diagnosis
Pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia, characterized by a loss of muscle mass and muscle strength, are two of the main conditions responsible for the reduced functional capacity of the individual during aging, which may represent a negative influence on bone mineral density, as well as increased probability of the patient having a diagnosis of osteoporosis [15,16]
Summary
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem in the male population [1]. Total costs including prevalent fractures are more than $19 billion in the United States. Men account for 29% of fractures and 25% of costs [2]. In addition to increasing falls risk, sarcopenia might decrease bone strength by reducing mechanical loading to the skeleton. Reduction of mechanical stimulation could result from decreased maximal force that weaker muscles produce and/or less time that the skeleton is loaded due to relative immobility, and bone formation is reduced [5,6,7]. The evidence for this relationship comes primarily from observational epidemiological studies in women [5,7]. The available data regarding this association are inconsistent, mainly due to a lack of definition in the diagnosis of sarcopenia [8,9]
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