Abstract
Greenery is a natural value in urban space. To maintain the richness and diversity of greenery, it is necessary to understand the factors and mechanisms that influence vegetation. The purpose of this paper was to determine the impact of selected features of public parks and factors on the richness and diversity of herbaceous plants. In Krakow public parks, this richness and diversity is greater in parks with a larger area and habitat heterogeneity, the presence of migration corridors, and natural elements. Full stand coverage negatively affects diversity. Biologically inactive surface affects richness and diversity as well as a number of different groups of plant species. The presence of rare and non-synanthropic species is related to the park’s surface, natural elements, and its heterogeneity.
Highlights
Species richness and diversity are essential elements of natural value
The results indicate that a higher proportion of biological inactive areas negatively affected the richness, diversity, and share of the non-synanthropic species present in the herb layer
A greater number of synanthropic species were recorded on non-forested or overexposed surfaces. Because these are the species dominating in numbers in the herb layer of Krakow parks, their diversity is associated with less tree cover
Summary
Species richness and diversity are essential elements of natural value. Understanding the mechanisms influencing this richness and species composition is necessary to protect nature, which is strongly influenced by anthropogenic factors. Peterken 1996; Hermy et al 1999; Dzwonko 1999; Butaye et al 2001; Moszkowicz 2014) as well as semi-natural communities such as meadows, grasslands Studies indicate that some natural values may constitute an herb layer of greenery elements in cities, e.g. public parks (Irvine et al 2009; Carrus et al 2015; Moszkowicz, Krzeptowska-Moszkowicz 2019). Factors that affect the richness and floristic pattern of the herb layer of parks in cities and surrounding landscape are less explored Vegetation richness is determined by the degree of isolation from various elements of greenery and both natural, semi-natural, and synanthropic vegetation Vegetation richness is determined by the degree of isolation from various elements of greenery and both natural, semi-natural, and synanthropic vegetation (e.g. McArthur and Wilson 1967; Dzwonko and Loster 1993; Jaccquemyn et al 2001) and it could be depend on the location in the city (Ranta, Viljanen 2011; Moszkowicz, Krzeptowska-Moszkowicz 2020)
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