Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the impact of obesity in type 2 diabetes (T2D) on adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin and resistin) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6 and hsCRP) as cardiovascular risk factors. A cross-sectional study comparing the basal levels of adipocytokines and inflammatory markers was done in 18 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) (group A), 21 overweight (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) (group B), 25 non-obese T2D patients (group C) and 15 non-obese controls (group D). The lowest levels of adiponectin and the highest levels of leptin, resistin, TNF-α, IL-6 and hsCRP were found in group A. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower, and resistin, TNF-α, and hsCRP levels were elevated in group C vs. D. However, leptin and IL-6 levels differed significantly between groups A and B, but not between groups C and D. Moreover, we found a significant negative correlation between adiponectin and TNF-α, but not with other markers, which was independent of the presence of obesity. In contrast, leptin and resistin correlated with the inflammatory markers, and this correlation was obesity-dependent. Our results suggest that obesity influences cardiovascular risk primarily through changes in leptin and resistin and less efficiently at the level of adiponectin.
Highlights
Previous studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, especially when coexisting with type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1,2]
We analysed the impact of obesity and T2D on adipocytokines and inflammatory markers which leads to increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
We demonstrated that plasma resistin concentrations are higher in non-obese T2D patients when compared with healthy non-obese control subjects
Summary
Previous studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, especially when coexisting with type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1,2]. It has been shown that in most studies aimed at reducing obesity by changes in lifestyle (diet and physical activity), lifestyle intervention had beneficial effects for preventing T2D and when prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was concerned [3,4,5]. The mechanisms of this beneficial influence and their clinical relevance are poorly understood. Chronically elevated TNF-α levels were detected and were found to be associated with IR, increased plasma glucose and insulin levels [3,7] IRAS study confirmed that. The analysis has revealed the potential relevance of modulating these changes to cardiovascular risk prevention during lifestyle interventions targeting obesity
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