Abstract
Background: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) primarily acts by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic terminal, resulting in reversible chemical paralysis of muscles. It is a widely accepted treatment for improving the appearance of glabellar expression lines that develop due to muscle contraction. Method: The glabellar force patterns, facial wrinkle classification, and a number of BoNT-A units used in the corrugator and procerus muscles were evaluated. Results: The mean total units of BoNT-A used were 7.2U in the corrugator muscle (7.1U in women and 7.4U in men) and 3.9U in the procerus muscle (3.9U in women and 4.1U in men), with a positive correlation between the number of units used and the age of the 58 participants. Regarding muscle strength pattern, more units were used in the corrugator muscle with a strong pattern and facial wrinkle classification of 3-4 and moderate with the same wrinkle classification (8U and 8.5U, respectively). In the procerus muscle, more units were used in the strong force pattern with wrinkles classified as 3-4 (5U). Wrinkles classified as 3-5 required the highest number of BoNT-A units. Conclusion: The quantity of BoNT-A units used is directly proportional to the strength pattern and classification of facial wrinkles, with more units required when a strong force pattern and deep wrinkle classification are observed.
Published Version
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