Relationship between Countries’ Energy Indicators and the Indices of GVC Participation: The Case of APEC Member Economies

Elena Drobot,Yelena Petrenko,Gaukhar Koshebayeva,Ivan Makarov

doi:10.3390/en15051675

Abstract

In the 21st century the importance of global value chains continues to grow. There is a scientific gap in the research on the relationship between countries’ energy indicators and the GVC participation indices. Based on the analysis of the APEC member economies’ GVC participation, the presence of quantifiable links between the countries’ energy indicators and GVC participation indices was identified. APEC member countries have a higher index of forward GVC participation compared to a rather low index of backward participation. We have confirmed the following hypotheses. Countries with higher energy consumption and countries exporting fuel have higher forward GVC participation. Energy importing countries and countries with higher energy intensity have higher backward GVC participation. Countries with higher energy intensity have lower forward GVC participation than countries with lower energy intensity. It was concluded that concerted efforts of APEC member economies are needed to increase GVC sustainability and develop unified energy policy standards. Managerial implications of energy efficient and sustainable GVCs will include competitive advantages growth for all the countries and suppliers participating in a particular GVC.

Highlights

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralGlobal value chains are a substantial part of international trade, economic integration, and globalization
It was concluded that concerted efforts of APEC member economies are needed to increase GVC sustainability and develop unified energy policy standards
In spite of the fact that there is a lot of research concerning the GVC participation indices and factors influencing GVCs, not many studies can be found devoted to the relationship between energy indicators and participation in GVCs

Summary

Introduction

Global value chains (hereinafter GVCs) are a substantial part of international trade, economic integration, and globalization. Amidst the liberalization of foreign economic activity and trade barriers reduction taking place in the 21st century, GVCs importance continues to increase. Companies operating in international markets, participating in the GVCs, tend to organize their production in those countries and regions where production costs may be lower [1]. In spite of the fact that there is a lot of research concerning the GVC participation indices and factors influencing GVCs, not many studies can be found devoted to the relationship between energy indicators and participation in GVCs. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between countries’ energy indicators and the GVC participation indices. The hypotheses should be formulated (Table 1)

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion