Abstract
BackgroundMetabolic syndrome has become a major worldwide public health problem. We examined the relationship between coffee consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Japanese civil servants.MethodsThe study participants were 3284 employees (2335 men and 948 women) aged 20 to 65 years. Using data from their 2008 health checkup records, we analyzed the relationship between coffee consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Japanese criteria.ResultsMetabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 374 of the 2335 men (16.0%) and 32 of the 948 women (3.4%). In univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, the odds ratios (ORs) among men for the presence of metabolic syndrome were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.56–1.03) and 0.61 (0.39–0.95), respectively, among moderate (≥4 cups of coffee per day) coffee drinkers as compared with non-coffee drinkers. Among all components of metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure and high triglyceride level were inversely associated with moderate coffee consumption in men, after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, and exercise. However, in women, moderate coffee consumption was not significantly associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome or its components.ConclusionsModerate coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese male civil servants.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome has become a major worldwide public health problem
77.1 22.9 amedical treatment for dyslipidemia was not assessed. bexercise with sweating at least twice per week for more than a year. cmean ± SD, dmedian with 25th–75th quartile. eP < 0.05, fP < 0.01, gP < 0.001 vs 0 cups/day for χ2 test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), or analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). hmean adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol drinking, smoking, and exercise in the 3 coffee consumption groups. imean adjusted for age, alcohol drinking, smoking, and exercise by the 3 coffee consumption groups
The relationship between coffee consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated in men and women using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, exercise, and smoking status (Table 3)
Summary
Metabolic syndrome has become a major worldwide public health problem. We examined the relationship between coffee consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Japanese civil servants. Methods: The study participants were 3284 employees (2335 men and 948 women) aged 20 to 65 years Using data from their 2008 health checkup records, we analyzed the relationship between coffee consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Moderate coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese male civil servants. Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of multiple risk factors, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia,[1,2] and is known to promote the development of cardiovascular diseases.[3] Metabolic syndrome has become a major worldwide public health problem.[4] Among Japanese aged 21 years or older, 25.3% of men and 10.6% of women meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome,[5] and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing in recent years, among men.[5] approaches to prevent it have been attempted in many workplaces and local governments in Japan.[6,7,8]. Various effects of coffee consumption on the risks for diseases related to metabolic syndrome have been reported.[10,11,12] During approximately the past decade, the associations between coffee consumption and many diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, have been studied, and its effects have been found to be harmful to health.[13,14] several recent prospective cohort studies have indicated that coffee consumption lowers the risks of diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.[15,16]
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