Abstract
Limited information is available on the mechanism by which changes in nutrient intake influence plasma lipids. We compared the effects on plasma lipoprotein levels of 3 dietary modifications involving changes in total fat intake (27–40% of calories), cholesterol intake (100–250 mg/1000 kcal), the dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (0.3–1.0) and intake of vegetable-derived fiber and protein. On these 3 diets, plasma low density lipoprotein was reduced by 26–34%. Fecal bile acid excretion was similar on all diets (363–379 mg/day). There was no alteration in fecal bile acid output associated with an increase in polyunsaturated or total fat intake. Sterol balance became significantly more negative during consumption of only 1 of the 3 cholesterol-lowering diets. The observed reduction in plasma cholesterol levels was not associated with an increase in fecal bile acid output suggesting that diet-induced changes in circulating cholesterol are not maintained by an increase in sterol turnover but may reflect alterations in hepatic cholesterol and lipoprotein synthesis.
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