Abstract
Flour milling companies estimate the yield of products and other milling performance based on experience and type of wheat. However, estimations based only on experience are not sufficient in competitive markets. Therefore, development of analytical methods for estimating milling performance is urgently needed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the significance of the U.S. Grain Standards (USGS) in determining commercial milling performances (CMP) and to develop mathematical algorithms to estimate CMP as a function of the physical/chemical characteristics of wheats and experimental milling results with commercial wheat blends of hard red winter (HRW), hard red spring (HRS), and their mixture. Simple and multiple linear regression procedures were used to determine relationships between CMP and the wheat physical/chemical characteristics including those specified in the USGS and experimental milling results. The simple linear regression procedures showed that the USGS parameters, wheat characteristics, or experimental milling data were either insignificantly related to CMP parameters except for commercial patent flour protein contents, or significantly related, but with r2 values less than 0.6. The multiple linear regression procedures showed that the CMP parameters (i.e., yields or ash contents of commercial patent flours) were significantly related to the physical/chemical characteristics of wheats based on the experimental milling results, but not to the USGS factors alone. The CMP factors including yields and protein contents of commercial patent flours can be estimated using empirical equations developed in this study for HRW wheat blends and mixtures of HRW and HRS wheat blends.
Published Version
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