Abstract
Sida hermephrodita or virginia mallow is a perspective perennial herb in the Malvaceae family able to yield a biomass crop through between ten and twenty years. Additionally, the plants have a lot of uses and benefits for instance it can use it as a fodder crop, honey crop, ornamental plant in public gardens. It has favorable features like fast growing and resistance against the disease and climatic fluctuations, etc. Sida is in base stage of domestication therefore has a serious disadvantage the low and slow germination as a big part of wild plants. Due to the expressly low germination percent the need of seed showing of driller is should tenfold, 200 thousand seed/acre instead of 10-20 thousand what is not available and expensive Therefore practical purposes of our research of seed physiology was to increase the seed germination percent in a disposable ,basically wild Sida population. We examined two factors relating to seed germination percent and seed germination power during our research: the influence of hot water treatment and the effect of exogenus or endogenus infection of seed. However, in our germination tests, utilizing scarified seeds with hot water (65, 80 and 95 oC), 29,33 to 46% germinated of the seeds collected from the population of S. hermaphrodita in Debrecen. The average germination for all season was 5-10 % wihitout treatment and rised using hot water up to almost 50%. When physically scarified used, the oldest seeds showed the best germination (46 %) after the hot water operation in spite of the previus studys (Spooner 1985; Chudik et al. 2010; Doliński R. 2009.). We discovered that there are a distinguished close relationship between the seeds collecting time and the infection, as well as germination percentage. Thus, 2009 season was the most favourable in case of contamination (control:17,33 and 80 oC treatment:0%) as well as germination percent. It could be concluded that, the best season for our findings was 2009 due to autumn harvest of Sida seeds. In our oppinion, the autumn harvesting should be the best time to overcome the problem of the low germination and high infection percentage.
Highlights
It is well known that, second generation energy plants are considered the future of bioenergy and are subject to intensive study for this reason
Among the currently plants grown for energy biomass, the Virginia mallow, willow, miscanthus, and switchgrass have a good chance of development, assuming that their profitability will be higher than in the case of plants grown for consumption (Pszczółkowska et al 2012)
Sidas seeds without treatment only 4-5% of seeds sprouted, except the 2009 years seeds in whitch the germination percent was the best 10 % in the control seeds. This effect is contrast the previous observations by Chudik et al (2010 ) who find that the long storage period decrease Sida seeds germination percent
Summary
It is well known that, second generation energy plants (or perennial forage plants) are considered the future of bioenergy and are subject to intensive study for this reason. Compared with plants of the first generation, annual bearing fruits of the caryopsis type, they produce more energy at significantly less input and have a more favorable greenhouse gases (GHG) emission balance (Sanderson and Adler 2008). Among the currently plants grown for energy biomass, the Virginia mallow, willow, miscanthus, and switchgrass have a good chance of development, assuming that their profitability will be higher than in the case of plants grown for consumption (Pszczółkowska et al 2012). Our research program is focused on perennial mallow species which are ornamentals but at the same time they are producing large biomass as potential energy plants.
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