Abstract
The strength of sand is usually characterized by the maximum value of the secant friction angle. The friction angle is a function of deformation mode, density, and stress level and is strongly correlated with dilatancy at failure. Most often, the friction angle is evaluated from results of conventional compression tests, and correlation between the friction angle of sand at triaxial compression and triaxial extension and plane strain conditions is a vital problem of soil mechanics. These correlations can be obtained from laboratory test results. The failure criteria for sand presented in literature also give the possibility of finding correlations between friction angles for different deformation modes. The general stress-dilatancy relationship obtained from the frictional state concept, with some additional assumptions, gives the possibility of finding theoretical relationships between the friction angle of sand at triaxial compression and triaxial extension and plane strain conditions. The theoretically obtained relationships presented in the paper are fully consistent with theoretical and experimental findings of soil mechanics.
Highlights
The shear strength of sand is the sum of the critical state component and dilatancy component [1,2,3,4].The critical state component is represented by the critical state friction angle (φ0cυ )
It is commonly assumed that the critical state friction angle is independent of the deformation mode and stress level [3,4,5,6]
Critical state friction angle values range between 30◦ and 36◦ depending on the sand grading and grain roundness [7]
Summary
The shear strength of sand is the sum of the critical state component and dilatancy component [1,2,3,4]. Rowe’s stress-dilatancy relationships [3,13], positively verified theoretically by Horne [14] and experimentally with some additional dilatancy conditions assumed in this paper, give the possibility of finding relationships between the angle of friction for TXC, BXC, and TXE. The general stress-dilatancy relationship obtained from the frictional state concept [16,17,18], with some assumptions for dilatancy at failure, give the possibility of finding theoretical relationships between friction angles at TXC, BXC, and TXE. For sand the correctness of stress-dilatancy relationships obtained from the frictional state concept [16,17,18] for drained conventional TXC, BXC, and TXE tests are proven by comparison with Bolton’s [4] and Rowe’s [3,13] relationships. Obtained results are consistent with theoretical and experimental findings of soil mechanics
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