Abstract
Objective. To assess the relation between executive dysfunction (ED) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and resting state functional connectivity evaluated using electroencephalography (EEG) coherence. Methods. Sixty-eight nondemented sporadic PD patients were assessed using the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) to evaluate executive function. EEG coherence in the left frontoparietal electrode pair (F3-P3) and the right frontoparietal electrode pair (F4-P4) was analyzed in the alpha and theta range. The BADS scores were compared across the coherence groups, and the multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the contribution of confounders. Results. The standardized BADS score was significantly lower in the low F3-P3 coherence group in the alpha range (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.032), though there was no difference between F4-P4 coherence group in the alpha range, F3-P3, and F4-P4 coherence groups in the theta range and the standardized BADS score. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the significant relation between the F3-P3 coherence group in alpha range and age-controlled standardized BADS score (p = 0.039, 95% CI = 1.002–1.062). Conclusion. The decrease in resting state functional connectivity between the frontal and parietal cortices especially in the left side is related to ED in PD.
Highlights
Cognitive impairment is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) [1], and executive dysfunction (ED) is a wellknown cognitive impairment in PD [2]
There was a significant difference in the distribution of PD patients with ED between high F3P3 coherence group and low F3-P3 coherence group (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.016)
The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the significant relation between the F3-P3 coherence group in alpha range and age-controlled standardized Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) score (p = 0.039, odds ratio = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.002–1.062)
Summary
Cognitive impairment is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) [1], and executive dysfunction (ED) is a wellknown cognitive impairment in PD [2]. Executive function refers to a set of cognitive processes that control goal-directed behaviors, from goal formulation and intention formation to successful execution and processing of the outcome [3]. ED is a nonmotor symptom of PD and presents in early and late stages of the disease [3]. ED in PD has been studied with many neuropsychological assessments including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test [3], and the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) [5]. ED is characterized by deficits in internal control of attention, set shifting, planning, inhibition, conflict resolution, impairment in dual-task performance, and a range of decision-making and social cognition tasks [3]
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