Relación entre linfocitos T reguladores (T regs) y anticuerpos anti-receptores de TSH (TRab) y el riesgo de cáncer de tiroides en enfermedad de Graves

Abstract

In recent years the relationship between Graves’ disease (GD), TSH, TRAb and thyroid carcinoma has been studied. Research studies show a higher prevalence and aggressiveness of thyroid carcinoma in patients with GD, however other researchers refute these findings suggesting it's due to selection bias. Increasing evidence suggests a causal relationship between GD and the development of thyroid carcinoma, mainly because of the existence of TSI autoantibodies that could stimulate the focus of malignancy. It is believed that cytokines produced locally in patients with GD work alongside with TRAb regulating the aggressiveness of papillary thyroid carcinoma in these patients. Within the cells recruited by the tumor to elude the immune system we find Treg lymphocytes, which have been found to be increased in patients with GD, leading to a diminished immune response, creating a permissive environment for cell proliferation.Since this is a relatively new line of research, there is no consensus on the subject and its relevance for the treatment of patients with GD. The aim of this article is to show recent literature available on the subject.