Regulon: An overview of plant abiotic stress transcriptional regulatory system and role in transgenic plants.

S M Howladar,M K Warsi,M A Alsharif

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.245379

S M Howladar, M K Warsi + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.245379

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Abstract

Population growth is increasing rapidly around the world, in these consequences we need to produce more foods to full fill the demand of increased population. The world is facing global warming due to urbanizations and industrialization and in this concerns plants exposed continuously to abiotic stresses which is a major cause of crop hammering every year. Abiotic stresses consist of Drought, Salt, Heat, Cold, Oxidative and Metal toxicity which damage the crop yield continuously. Drought and salinity stress severally affected in similar manner to plant and the leading cause of reduction in crop yield. Plants respond to various stimuli under abiotic or biotic stress condition and express certain genes either structural or regulatory genes which maintain the plant integrity. The regulatory genes primarily the transcription factors that exert their activity by binding to certain cis DNA elements and consequently either up regulated or down regulate to target expression. These transcription factors are known as masters regulators because its single transcript regulate more than one gene, in this context the regulon word is fascinating more in compass of transcription factors. Progress has been made to better understand about effect of regulons (AREB/ABF, DREB, MYB, and NAC) under abiotic stresses and a number of regulons reported for stress responsive and used as a better transgenic tool of Arabidopsis and Rice.

Highlights

Abiotic stress is the key cause of crop hammering globally, reducing average yields of most of the major crop plants
The cis elements (DRE/CRT) where transcription factors bind Dehydration responsive element binding protein (DREB)/CBF, AP2/ERF, NAC, MYB is considered as stress responsive regulons which involves in various gene expression under the influence of abiotic stress
In the second one is group of gene under stress are mostly regulatory proteins in which signalling component that regulate gene expression in response of stress including protein kinases and transcription factors (TFs; Regulatory proteins which involve in the regulation of signal transduction; DREB, MYB, MYC, bZIP, NAC etc) which considered as master regulators

Summary

Introduction

Abiotic stress is the key cause of crop hammering globally, reducing average yields of most of the major crop plants. Plant/ crop productivity effected by the environmental strains such as water deficit condition (drought), Low temperature (cold), salt and High temperature (heat) these stresses disturb the signal transduction of gene regulatory systems of plants. Evidence suggested that in the agriculture field condition crops expose under various stress and this situation plant regulon induces transcription factors and regulatory genes which regulate a large set of stress irresponsive genes. In context with molecular study of stress responsive genes of regulatory elements various transcription factors family DREB, AP2/ERF, MYB, and NAC has major contribution in plant stress. The cis elements (DRE/CRT) where transcription factors bind DREB/CBF, AP2/ERF, NAC, MYB is considered as stress responsive regulons which involves in various gene expression under the influence of abiotic stress.

Stress Regulatory System

Roles of Regulon in Abiotic Stress Responses

NAC Regulon

MYB Regulon

Other Regulons

Conclusion and Future Perspectives