Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder (LMD) is a public health issue. Spirulina platensis is a widely used natural weight-reducing agent and Spirulina platensis is a kind of protein source. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Spirulina platensis protease hydrolyzate (SPPH) on the lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Our study showed that SPPH decreased the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST), but increased the level of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in serum and liver. Moreover, SPPH had a hypolipidemic effect as indicated by the down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), SREBP-1c, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and the up-regulation of adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα (PPARα) at the mRNA level in liver. SPPH treatment enriched the abundance of beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, our study showed that SPPH might be produce glucose metabolic benefits in rats with diet-induced LMD. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of SPPH on the metabolism remain to be further investigated. Collectively, the above-mentioned findings illustrate that Spirulina platensis peptides have the potential to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders, and our data provides evidence that SPPH might be used as an adjuvant therapy and functional food in obese and diabetic individuals.
Highlights
The improvement in living standards worldwide and the increasing intake of poor quality food, at least from the nutritional point of view, have resulted in an increasing frequency of lipid metabolism disorder (LMD) [1]
Our study showed that 217 peptide sequences were found from Spirulina platensis protease hydrolyzate (SPPH)
We investigated the expressions of several genes related to fatty acid transport (PPARα and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)) and lipid metabolism, including lipogenesis (SREBP-1c and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)) and β-oxidation (AMPK), to explore the possible mechanism of SPPH in decreasing accumulation of liver lipids
Summary
The improvement in living standards worldwide and the increasing intake of poor quality food, at least from the nutritional point of view, have resulted in an increasing frequency of lipid metabolism disorder (LMD) [1]. LMD is a risk factor for obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, fatty liver, cardiopathy, clinical syndrome, and other metabolic syndromes. It is one of the most threatening public health problems in the world [2]. An endocrine organ that secretes a number of adipokines known to mediate lipid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity, is critical in metabolic control [4]. Several drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat obesity, their efficacy is often low and side effects are common [5,6]. It is urgently necessary to develop a well-tolerated treatment with minimal side effects for obesity
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