Abstract
Recently, a growing body of evidence has shown the role of reactive species as secondary messengers in cell proliferation and differentiation, as opposed to the harmful metabolism byproducts that they were previously solely recognized as. Thus, the balance of intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis plays a vital role in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Nonthermal biocompatible plasma (NBP) has emerged as a novel tool in biomedical applications. Recently, NBP has also emerged as a powerful tool in the tissue engineering field for the surface modification of biomaterial and the promotion of stem cell differentiation by the regulation of intracellular redox biology. NBP can generate various kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which may play the role of the second passenger in the cell signaling network and active antioxidant system in cells. Herein, we review the current knowledge on mechanisms by which NBP regulates cell proliferation and differentiation through redox modification. Considering the importance of redox homeostasis in the regulation of stem cell differentiation, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved will provide important new insights into NBP-induced stem cell differentiation for tissue engineering.
Highlights
A growing body of evidence has shown the role of reactive species as secondary messengers in cell proliferation and differentiation, as opposed to the harmful metabolism byproducts that they were previously solely recognized as
Nonthermal biocompatible plasma (NBP) was first employed in antimicrobial applications, because it produces a variety of biotoxic agents that include reactive species, UV radiation, and charged particles
A recent study indicated that a proper dose of NBP treatment could facilitate neural stem cell differentiation into neurons, which was regulated by the NBP-induced NO production [39]
Summary
The focus of tissue engineering is regenerating damaged tissues through the restoration, maintenance, and improvement of tissue function [1]. ROS in redox homeostasis plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of stem cell self-renewal with low levels of ROS, whereas in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. ROS are involved in signal transduction cascades in enhancing the differentiation of ESC toward the cardiomyogenic and vascular cell lineage [23] These findings imply that redox signaling plays a crucial role in modulating the fate of stem cells. Nonthermal biocompatible plasma (NBP) (or plasma) is produced by applying a sufficiently high-voltage electric field across the discharge gap to initiate a breakdown of gas at atmospheric pressure [24]. NBP devices for stem cell differentiation can be broadly classified into two major categories: plasma jet and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma.
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