Abstract
Vitreous was traditionally seen as a structural element for supporting and protecting ocular structures. Nevertheless, several studies have revealed that the vitreous is more complex and biologically active than previously assumed, performing several functions critical to the physiology of the eye. In addition to its many functions, it is now known that the vitreous is actively involved in the regulation and distribution of oxygen within the eye. The oxygen distribution is tightly regulated ensuring that highly vascularized tissues such as the retina receive sufficient oxygen while safeguarding neighboring tissues like the lens, which is prone to oxidative stress. Therefore, a stable oxygen gradient across the vitreous body is essential for optimal ocular tissue function under physiological conditions. This article discusses the importance of preserving intraocular oxygen gradients within the ocular environment and the vitreous mechanisms responsible for its regulation. Furthermore, the impact of changes in vitreous gel composition or structure in oxygen regulation will be discussed, as well as clinical implications associated with the changes in intraocular oxygen dynamics within the eye.
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