Abstract
MHC class Ⅱ has long been known to play a classical role in antigen presentation and to act as a signal transducer capable of inducing the adaptive immunity needed to produce pathogen specific antibodies. However, it has recently been revealed that MHC class Ⅱ can also promote the activation of Toll-like receptor mediated signaling by functioning as an adapter. This means that in addition to its classical function of adaptive immunity, MHC class Ⅱalso plays an intriguing role in the mechanisms that regulate innate immunity. That being the case, queries inevitably arise regarding the fact that many pathogens have tried to control the induction of MHC class Ⅱ so as to escape the host immune response. Liu et al (Nat Immunol 2011;12:416-424) demonstrated that intracellular MHC class Ⅱ interacted with Btk, and that this activated Btk promoted TLR signaling via Myd88 and TRIF. The results of this study provide insight regarding the possibility of a novel role for MHC class Ⅱ, which was heretofore regarded solely as a classical molecule involved in adaptive immune responses, as a regulator of innate immune responses.
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