Abstract
Simple SummaryGnRH and FSH play an important regulatory role in the reproductive activities of mammals. At present, many artificially synthesized GnRH analogues have been used in the regulation of cattle reproduction and the clinical treatment of various reproductive diseases. This study explored the potential mechanism of miR-488 in GnRH regulation of FSH synthesis and secretion and provides a theoretical basis for the application of GnRH analogue in cattle artificial breeding. We hope to provide a research foundation for improving the processing procedures of cattle estrus control and the domestic application of hormone products.Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus, promotes the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thereby regulating the growth and reproduction of animals. GnRH analogues have been widely used in livestock production. MiRNAs, which are endogenous non-coding RNAs, have been found to play important roles in hormone regulation and other physiological processes in recent years. However, the roles of miRNAs in GnRH-mediated regulation of FSH secretion have rarely been studied. Herein, we treated bovine anterior adenohypophyseal cells with an exogenous GnRH analogue and found that miR-488 was differentially expressed. Through a combination of TargetScan prediction and dual luciferase reporter analysis, miR-488 was confirmed to be able to target the FSHB gene. Based on this finding, we verified the expression of Fshβ and Lhβ mRNA in the rat adenohypophysis before and after exogenous GnRH treatment in vivo and in vitro. Experiments on rat anterior adenohypophyseal cells showed that overexpression of miR-488 significantly inhibited Fshβ expression and FSH synthesis, while knockdown of miR-488 had the opposite effects. Our results demonstrate that GnRH relies on miR-488 to regulate FSH synthesis, providing additional useful evidence for the significance of miRNAs in the regulation of animal reproduction.
Highlights
The results showed that the secretion of Folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was significantly upregulated after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue treatment (Figure 1B,C), indicating that GnRH analogues can promote the synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH
Our results showed that the secretion of FSH and LH for 30 cows was significantly upregulated after GnRH analogue treatment
The results showed that GnRH low-frequency stimulation significantly promoted the expression of Fshβ and Lhβ in the adenohypophysis of rats
Summary
Reproductive hormones are involved in every stage of mammalian reproduction. The reproductive endocrine system, which is composed of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, finely regulates reproductive processes in mammals [1]. The hypothalamussecreted gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins in the adenohypophysis, thereby regulating gonadal function [2]. Folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis, plays a vital role in the regulation of gametogenesis and maturation [3,4,5,6]. Reproductive hormones, such as GnRH and FSH, are widely used to regulate animal reproduction [7,8]
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