Abstract
To maintain gut homeostasis intestinal stem cells (ISCs) constantly replace damagedones. This process is conservative from Drosophila to human. Proliferation and differentiation ofISCs in adult Drosophila midgut are regulated by growth factors which are secreted in thesurrounding cells collectively forming ISCs niche. Here I discuss an interaction between ISCs withits niche through conservative signaling pathways. Several evidences on significance ofcooperation between multiple signaling pathways including Notch, Wingless, JAK/STAT, EGFR,Hippo, and insulin signaling for regulation of stem cell maintenance and activity are provided.Further investigation in this area will allow us to understand how proper regulation of ISCsmaintenance and differentiation can assist to ensure intestinal integrity
Highlights
The digestive tract of Drosophila melanogaster plays a key role in digestion, absorbtion, transit, and excretion
Interesting, the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) completely blocs proliferation, that triggered by Upd3 or Dome in intestinal stem cells (ISCs), while Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) inhibition only partially depresses proliferation which was induced by EGFR [6]
It was shown that both EGFR and JAK/STAT are induced by lack of Hippo signaling in the ECs [28]
Summary
The digestive tract of Drosophila melanogaster plays a key role in digestion, absorbtion, transit, and excretion. The epithelium consists of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), enterocytes (ECs), and enteroendocrines (EEs). All these cells form the niche which controls the ISCs proliferation and differentiation of enteroblasts (EBs). I describe how intestinal stem cell niche creates an environment, which regulates self-renewal and differentiation of ISCs. The adult Drosophila midgut has many similarities to the mammalian intestine and is well characterized. The adult Drosophila midgut has many similarities to the mammalian intestine and is well characterized It is an attractive and useful model for investigation the ways of regulation stem cells maintenance, differentiation, and proliferation [7]. During midgut development ISCs proliferate intensively and form clusters Some cells in these clusters become peripheral cells and serve as a transient niche for the progenitors [21]. Cells in this niche produce Dpp (Decapentaplegic) that inhibit differentiation and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands
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