Regional features of occupational pathology in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (2007–2018)

Abstract

The purpose of the study was a comparative investigation of working conditions, prevalence and structure of occupational pathology in the subjects of the Russian Arctic in 2007-2018. Material and methods. The analysis of data on socio-hygienic monitoring in the section “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population in the Russian Arctic in 2007-2018 was carried out. Results. The development risks, prevalence and structure of occupational pathology in the subjects of the Russian Arctic were established to have significant differences. The most common factor causing the development of occupational pathology (32.8% of all cases) was the increased severity of labour. In three regions of the Russian Arctic, the seriousness of work was a leading risk factor: Arctic zones of the Republics of Komi and Karelia, the Murmansk region. The most unfavourable working conditions and a high level of occupational morbidity are observed in Arctic zones of the Republic of Komi (207.44 per 10,000 employees) and Krasnoyarsk Territory (20.65), the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (12.69). The basis of the economy of these entities is formed by the mining and metallurgical industries. On the contrary, the least harmful working conditions and a low level of occupational pathology are characteristic of the gas and oil producers of the Yamalo-Nenets (1.29) and the Nenets Autonomous Okrugs (3.45). Over the analyzed period, the level of occupational morbidity in five subjects of the Russian Arctic (Arctic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Komi, the Nenets and Chukotka Autonomous Okrugs, the Murmansk Region) tended to increase, while in other three (Arctic zones of the Arkhangelsk Region and the Republic of Yakutia, the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) - to decrease. Conclusion. Modern targeted programs for the prevention of occupational pathology should consider the characteristics of the formation of health disorders both in general in the Russian Arctic and in its subjects.