Abstract
The United States Department of State during the Johnson presidency claimed that the development of East Asian regional economic cooperation began with a speech the American President delivered at Johns Hopkins University in April 1965. The speech resulted in increased American efforts in promoting regional economic development and cooperation among South-East Asian nations.1 As discussed in Chapter 1, regional associations were not a new concept, and had already been established in the region. Western support for regional cooperation had been building for several years and was part of wider policies connected to Western military disengagement in South-East Asia and associated efforts to contain China’s influence in the region. However, this had been impossible until after Confrontation ended and a change of government in Indonesia.
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