Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of historical retrospective and modern dynamics of region-building in the Baltic region. The cultural and historical foundation of regionalization processes in this area was laid over the centuries, although the framework was finally shaped in the 20th century: the Hanseatic League, the first attempts to create regional unions during the interwar period, the “northern cooperation” and the signing of the Helsinki Convention during the Cold War. In the post-bipolar period, the Baltic region continues to maintain its political and socio economic heterogeneity. Today, the key institution of multilateral cooperation uniting all countries of the region is the Council of the Baltic Sea States, whereas, from the EU perspective, the main self-sufficient instrument of regionalization is the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. At the same time, both formats rely in specific projects implementation on “horizontal actions” and network cooperation on the grass-roots level, which makes regional interaction practical to the greatest possible extent, largely depoliticized and stable in the long run.
Highlights
The article is devoted to the analysis of historical retrospective and modern dynamics of region-building in the Baltic region
The cultural and historical foundation of regionalization processes in this area was laid over the centuries, the framework was shaped in the 20th century: the Hanseatic League, the first attempts to create regional unions during the interwar period, the “northern cooperation” and the signing of the Helsinki Convention during the Cold War
The key institution of multilateral cooperation uniting all countries of the region is the Council of the Baltic Sea States, whereas, from the EU perspective, the main self-sufficient instrument of regionalization is the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region
Summary
Ключевые слова: Балтийский регион, Ганзейский союз, регионализация, Совет государств Балтийского моря, СГБМ, Стратегия ЕС для региона Балтийского моря. Вместе с тем процессы регионального строительства на пространстве Балтийского региона имеют многовековую традицию, начало которой было положено еще в Средневековье и Новое время, когда сформировался и в течение нескольких веков успешно функционировал Ганзейский союз. Закрыв гавани своих портов для кораблей из городов/стран, не входящих в союз, ганзейцы (в первую очередь представители германских и шведских городов) удерживали первенство в региональной торговле, сведя в XIV веке – начале XV века, которые считаются «золотым веком» союза, присутствие русских, английских и голландских купцов в Балтийском и Северном морях к минимуму. Именно Ганзейский союз заложил основы для той специфической, обособленной от системного (военно)-политического воздействия внешних акторов подсистемы международных отношений, которая сложилась в регионе Балтийского моря к началу XX века
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