Abstract
This article identifies the objective conditions of the conflict between the interests of development and those of environmental security. The latter are given added urgency when, within the same ecological unit, one country needs to develop and another to protect its environmental interests. The borders of the countries and regions, the economies of which affect the safety of Russia’s interests in the Baltic, do not coincide with the boundaries of the ecosystems. This calls for a study of the legal protection of Russia’s environmental interests in the Baltic Sea region. There is no legal mechanism for ensuring a balance between the interests of development and those of environmental security of the countries that have shorelines along the Baltic Sea. Thus, it is necessary to give a functional description of the regional model for the legal protection of the environmental interests of the Russian Federation in the Baltic region. To this end, we identify the juridical content of the environmental interests of the Russian Federation. We consider the possibilities of the legal protection of the environmental interests in the national and international jurisdiction. The interests are divided into two groups respectively. We reveal the essence of the environmental interests of the Russian Federation in the Baltic Sea region. We analyse the case of the Russian regions located within the Baltic Sea catchment area to test an approach to identifying the region’s boundaries. This approach may be used in modelling the regional level of the legal protection of Russia’s environmental interests in the Baltic region. We identify the environmental interests of the Russian Federation in the Baltic Sea region, as well as the forms of legal protection of the country’s interests in this territory. We describe the elements of the system of the legal protection of Russia’s interests in the Baltic region and examine the functions of these elements. The result of this study is a functional description of the model of legal protection of the environmental interests of the Russian Federation in the Baltic region. This model may be used to strengthen the links between the elements of the protection of the legitimate interests of the Russian Federation in the Baltic region.
Highlights
The national borders of many countries follow the natural divisions between land and water, which often do not coincide with the boundaries of ecosystems
This study aims at modelling a regional level of the system of legal protection of Russia’s environmental interests in the Baltic region, as well as at identifying the elements of this system and describing their functions
We argue that the environmental interests of the Russian Federation are the legitimate interests of a person, society, and the state relating to their protection exclusively from environmental offences
Summary
The national borders of many countries follow the natural divisions between land and water, which often do not coincide with the boundaries of ecosystems. In a meeting with the heads of international prosecution services, which focused on combat against environmental offences, the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation, Yuri Chaika stressed that climate change, biodiversity reduction, water and air pollution, and deforestation had become transnational problems. Nine countries have shorelines along the Baltic Sea — Russia, Germany, Poland, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The territories of these countries, in part or in whole, constitute the Baltic region. The region includes the administrative units of the countries bordering the sea and of those whose geological and hydrographic features affect the Baltic ecosystem [3]
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