Abstract
Nowadays, constrained battery life expectancy is an important issue for reliable data delivery in an Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN). Conventional transmission methodologies increase the transmission overhead, i.e., the collision of packets, which influence the data transmission. Replacement of the sensors' battery in brutal underwater environment is a difficult task. Therefore, to maintain a strategic distance from the unexpected failure of the network and to increase the life expectancy of the network, energy efficient routing protocols are required. At this end, in this paper, a proactive routing protocol with three different network types is proposed to solve the aforementioned issues. The proposed protocol adaptively changes its communication strategy depending on the type of the network, i.e., dense network, partially dense network and sparse network. This adaptive strategy helps the routing protocols to continue their transmission by avoiding the void holes. In the proposed protocol named Proactive routing Approach with Energy efficient Path Selection (PA-EPS-Case I), vertical inter-transmission layering concept is introduced (using shortest and fastest path) in the dense and partially dense region. In addition, cluster formation concept is also appended to make transmission successful in the sparse regions. The Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) is improved by the proposed protocol with minimum End to End (E2E) delay and packet drop ratio. Scalability of the proposed routing protocols is also analyzed by varying the number of nodes from 100-500. A comparative analysis is performed with two cutting edge routing protocols namely: Weighting Depth and Forwarding Area Division Depth Based Routing (WDFAD-DBR) and Cluster-based WDFAD-DBR (C-DBR). Simulation results demonstrate that proposed protocol achieved 12.64% higher PDR with 20% decrease in E2E delay than C-DBR. Furthermore, the proposed routing protocol outperformed C-DBR in terms of packet drop ratio up to 14.29% with an increase of EC up to 30%.
Highlights
Nowadays, advancement in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) roused researchers to improve different applications in the scientific era
Whereas, constraints for the Eq (8) are as follows: 1) transmitting and receiving energy must not exceed the initial energy of the node, i.e., (Etrans, Erec) ≤ Einitial, 2) transmission energy must be less than residual energy of the node (Eresidual ), i.e., (Etrans ≤ Eresidual ), 3) data packets should be transmitted within the transmission range of the node, i.e., (Trange) ≤ Trangemax and
SIMULATIONS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION we evaluated the proposed protocol against benchmark protocols
Summary
Advancement in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) roused researchers to improve different applications in the scientific era. Dynamic environmental changes, the restricted life expectancy of the sensors and high End to End (E2E) delay are the unfavorable features in UWSN [5]–[7] For this purpose, multi-hop routing protocols are preferred. These hot spots deplete the energy of the network at their earliest (due to void hole occurrence and inefficient data delivery) At this end, these routing protocols induce great impact on EC, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), packet drop ratio and E2E delay. The contributions of this work are: 1) the proposed protocol adaptively changes its communication strategy depending on the type of the network, i.e., dense network, partially dense network and sparse network, 2) the void hole occurrence is minimized using vertical layering concept for dense and partially dense network and cluster formation for the sparse network.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
