Abstract
Abstract: Waqf is the act of someone who holds some of his property and gives the benefits of the property. Waqf in Indonesia generally follows the opinion of the Shafi'i school that said the waqf property belongs to Allah. This opinion is not right in Islamic ownership perspective which said that every property must be owned by humans unless it is specified by the Shari'a. This research is normative Islamic law research with the theory of ownership in Islam and the maslaha theory. This research found that Allah's ownership of waqf property needs to be reformulated to equate it to the theory of ownership in Islam and to be useful for human life. This reformulation is by establishing the legal entity as the owner of the waqf property because the legal entity can represent God's ownership. Keywords: Reformulation; Ownership; Waqf; Benefit Abstrak: Wakaf adalah perbuatan seseorang yang menahan sebagian hartanya dan mensedekahkan manfaat harta tersebut. Perwakafan di Indonesia pada umumnya mengikuti pendapat mazhab Syafi’i yang mengatakan bahwa harta wakaf menjadi milik Allah. Paham tersebut tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan tentang kepemilikan dalam Islam yang menetapkan bahwa setiap benda yang ada di muka bumi harus dimiliki oleh manusia kecuali ditentukan lain oleh syariat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum Islam normatif dengan pendekatan teori kepemilikan dalam Islam dan teori kemaslahatan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kepemilikan Allah atas harta wakaf perlu direformulasi supaya sesuai dengan ketentuan tentang kepemilikan dalam Islam dan supaya bermaslahat bagi kehidupan manusia. Reformulasi tersebut ialah dengan menetapkan badan hukum sebagai pemilik harta wakaf karena badan hukum dapat merepresentasikan kepemilikan Allah. Kata kunci: Reformulasi, Kepemilikan, Harta wakaf, Kemaslahatan
Highlights
Waqf is a popular mustahab worship among the Indonesian Muslim community, and according to Taufiq Hamami, the way of waqf for the Muslim community in Indonesia generally is influenced by Imam Shāfi'i1, who argues that the ownership of waqf is transferred to Allah Ta'ala, apart from human ownership 2
This research is important because research about waqf in Indonesia mostly of waqf management, such as the research conducted by Muslihun5 whose findings were donated lands in Lombok could be productive because of the perspective of the Kiai was changed toward waqf management
The narration about Allah’s ownership of waqf property was against the maqasid of sharia ḥifẓu ad-dīn, for basically the wealth was merely belonged to Allah as the owner of everything, because Allah has designated the property as His property, based on the word of Allah in An-Nur verse 33:
Summary
Waqf is a popular mustahab worship among the Indonesian Muslim community, and according to Taufiq Hamami, the way of waqf for the Muslim community in Indonesia generally is influenced by Imam Shāfi'i1, who argues that the ownership of waqf is transferred to Allah Ta'ala, apart from human ownership 2 This definition seems relative, as the result, it shows nāẓir as the owner of the waqf, which creating Law No 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf ( referred to the Waqf Law) as the prevention of waqf abuse by nāẓir such as being used for personal or being passed down to descendants, even though Umar has emphasized that nāẓir should not act as the owner of the waqf property by saying “gaira mutamawwilin fīhi (not considering the self as the owner of waqf). In Jordan, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Morocco, the laws had created legal entities as the only place for giving waqf
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