Refinement of Copper(II) Azide with 1-Alkyl-5H-tetrazoles: Adaptable Energetic Complexes.

Maximilian H H Wurzenberger,Norbert Szimhardt,Jörg Stierstorfer,Marcus Lommel,Michael S Gruhne

doi:10.1002/anie.202002823

Maximilian H H Wurzenberger, Norbert Szimhardt + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202002823

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Abstract

A concept for stabilizing highly sensitive and explosive copper(II) azide with 1‐N‐substituted tetrazoles is described. It was possible to stabilize the system by the use of highly endothermic, nitrogen‐rich ligands. The sensitivities of the resulting energetic copper coordination compounds can be tuned further by variation of the alkyl chain of the ligands and by phlegmatization of the complexes with classical additives during the synthesis. It is demonstrated, using the compound based on 1‐methyl‐5H‐tetrazole ([Cu(N3)2(MTZ)], 1) that this class of complexes can be applied as a potential replacement for both lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS). The complex was extensively investigated according to its chemical (elemental analysis, single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and physico‐chemical properties (differential thermal analysis, sensitivities towards impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge) compared to pure copper(II) azide.

Highlights

A concept for stabilizing highly sensitive and explosive copper(II) azide with 1-N-substituted tetrazoles is described
It is known that metal azides (e.g. Mn, Nb, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, W, and Mo) can be stabilized with nitrogen donor ligands, only some complexes of Cu(N3)2 have been reported in the literature and are rarely discussed as energetic materials.[7]
For the preparation of energetic coordination compounds (ECC) based on copper(II) azide, the implementation of nitrogen-rich ligands leads to the blockage of one coordination site, resulting in stabilization in comparison to the pure metal azide (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

A concept for stabilizing highly sensitive and explosive copper(II) azide with 1-N-substituted tetrazoles is described. A procedure is described for the syntheses of nitrogen-rich copper(II) azide complexes involving 5H-tetrazoles. It is known that metal azides (e.g. Mn, Nb, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, W, and Mo) can be stabilized with nitrogen donor ligands, only some complexes of Cu(N3)2 have been reported in the literature and are rarely discussed as energetic materials.[7]

Results

Conclusion