Abstract
Modern infrastructure networks are often coupled together and thus could be modeled as interdependent networks. Overload and interdependent effect make interdependent networks more fragile when suffering from attacks. Existing research has primarily concentrated on the cascading failure process of interdependent networks without load, or the robustness of isolated network with load. Only limited research has been done on the cascading failure process caused by overload in interdependent networks. Redundant design is a primary approach to enhance the reliability and robustness of the system. In this paper, we propose two redundant methods, node back-up and dependency redundancy, and the experiment results indicate that two measures are effective and costless. Two detailed models about redundant design are introduced based on the non-linear load-capacity model. Based on the attributes and historical failure distribution of nodes, we introduce three static selecting strategies-Random-based, Degree-based, Initial load-based and a dynamic strategy-HFD (historical failure distribution) to identify which nodes could have a back-up with priority. In addition, we consider the cost and efficiency of different redundant proportions to determine the best proportion with maximal enhancement and minimal cost. Experiments on interdependent networks demonstrate that the combination of HFD and dependency redundancy is an effective and preferred measure to implement redundant design on interdependent networks. The results suggest that the redundant design proposed in this paper can permit construction of highly robust interactive networked systems.
Highlights
With the rapid development in modern information and energy technologies, infrastructure networks have become larger and more complex, and show an interdependent relationship between them because of functional dependence
Compared with an isolated network, interdependent networks are prone to be more susceptible to attacks because of coupling between networks [1,2,3]
Connectivity link is the connection of paths in isolated network whereas the dependency link reflects the coupling between two isolated networks
Summary
With the rapid development in modern information and energy technologies, infrastructure networks have become larger and more complex, and show an interdependent relationship between them because of functional dependence. Compared with an isolated network, interdependent networks are prone to be more susceptible to attacks (random or intentional attack) because of coupling between networks [1,2,3]. Interdependent network has two different types of links, connectivity link and dependency link. Connectivity link is the connection of paths in isolated network whereas the dependency link reflects the coupling between two isolated networks. If a node in network NA failed and be disconnected from network NA, which will lead to the failure of another node in another network NB and may result in a further failure of network NA. The process described above occurs recursively, which may lead to a complete collapse of the interdependent systems
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