Abstract
Hepatic disorders such as steatosis and alcoholic steatohepatitis are common diseases that affect thousands of people around the globe. This study aims to identify the main phenol compounds using a new HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS method, to evaluate some oxidative stress parameters and the hepatoprotective action of green dwarf coconut water, caffeic and ascorbic acids on the liver and serum of rats treated with ethanol. The results showed five polyphenols in the lyophilized coconut water spiked with standards: chlorogenic acid (0.18 µM), caffeic acid (1.1 µM), methyl caffeate (0.03 µM), quercetin (0.08 µM) and ferulic acid (0.02 µM) isomers. In the animals, the activity of the serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT) was reduced to 1.8 I.U/L in the coconut water group, 3.6 I.U/L in the ascorbic acid group and 2.9 I.U/L in the caffeic acid groups, when compared with the ethanol group (5.1 I.U/L, p<0.05). Still in liver, the DNA analysis demonstrated a decrease of oxidized bases compared to ethanol group of 36.2% and 48.0% for pretreated and post treated coconut water group respectively, 42.5% for the caffeic acid group, and 34.5% for the ascorbic acid group. The ascorbic acid was efficient in inhibiting the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver by 16.5% in comparison with the ethanol group. These data indicate that the green dwarf coconut water, caffeic and ascorbic acids have antioxidant, hepatoprotective and reduced DNA damage properties, thus decreasing the oxidative stress induced by ethanol metabolism.
Highlights
Cocos nucifera L., known as “life tree” (Chan and Elvitch 2006), is a monocotyledon plant that nutritious drink, which can be a good source of minerals and is a natural isotonic (Borse et al 2007) with similar composition to that of saline
We describe the development and validation of a methodology (Table SI – Supplementary Material) for simultaneous quantification of phenolics compounds in coconut water by high pressure liquid chromatography couple to mass spectrometry in tandem with electronspray source ionization in positive mode (HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS) without extensive sample preparation
We observed a significant increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation from the ethanol group in relation to the saline group (p
Summary
Cocos nucifera L., known as “life tree” (Chan and Elvitch 2006), is a monocotyledon plant that nutritious drink, which can be a good source of minerals and is a natural isotonic (Borse et al 2007) with similar composition to that of saline. Studies that analyze coconut water (CW) detected the presence of trans-zeatin-Oglucoside, dihydrozeatin-O-glucoside (Ge et al 2004), ortho-topolin (Ge et al 2005b), kinetin, kinetin riboside (Ge et al 2005a) and 14-O-(3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl]-4-O-(alpha-Larabinofuranosyl)-beta-d-galactopyranosyl)-transzeatin riboside (Kobayashi et al 1995, 1997). Both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin were found in the coconut husk fiber and water (Chang and Wu 2011). We found that green dwarf coconut water has higher polyphenols and ascorbic acid content between six types of coconut waters (Santos et al 2013). All these features increase the nutritive property of green dwarf coconut water
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