Abstract
In this review, the presentation of the synthetic routes of plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), fluorescent gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), as well as self-assembled Au-containing thiolated coordination polymers (Au CPs) was highlighted. We exclusively emphasize the gold products that are synthesized by the spontaneous interaction of tetrachloroaurate(III) ions (AuCl4¯) with bioligands using amine and thiolate derivatives, including mainly amino acids. The dominant role of the nature of the applied reducing molecules as well as the experimental conditions (concentration of the precursor metal ion, molar ratio of the AuCl4¯ ions and biomolecules; pH, temperature, etc.) of the syntheses on the size and structure-dependent optical properties of these gold nanohybrid materials have been summarized. While using the same reducing and stabilizing biomolecules, the main differences on the preparation conditions of Au NPs, Au NCs, and Au CPs have been interpreted and the reducing capabilities of various amino acids and thiolates have been compared. Moreover, various fabrication routes of thiol-stabilized plasmonic Au NPs, as well as fluorescent Au NCs and self-assembled Au CPs have been presented via the formation of –(Au(I)-SR)n– periodic structures as intermediates.
Highlights
Nowadays, the development of diverse nanostructured materials have a dominant role in several physical, chemical, medical, etc. fields from the electronics to the food industries [1,2]
We aim to provide an overview that is focused on the summary of the preparation routes, the unique structure, as well as the structure-dependent optical features of Au NPs, Au NCs, and Au-containing thiolated coordination polymers (Au coordination polymers (CPs)) structures that are synthesized by template-assisted synthesis exclusively using amines and thiol-group containing molecules as possible reducing and stabilizing molecules
The gold nanoparticles, the ultra-small Au nanoclusters consisting a few or few tens of gold atoms, and the Au-containing self-assembled coordination polymers are in focus of extensive researches thanks to their several excellent properties
Summary
The development of diverse nanostructured materials have a dominant role in several physical, chemical, medical, etc. fields from the electronics to the food industries [1,2]. In addition to the thiol-protected Au NPs/NCs, the study of the formation of Au-thiolate so-called “coordination polymer structure”, having Au0 or mostly Au(I) is in focus of interest These coordination polymers (CPs) are inorganic-organic hybrid materials, which consist of periodic metal ions/atoms and ligand moieties and possess ordered structure. We aim to provide an overview that is focused on the summary of the preparation routes, the unique structure, as well as the structure-dependent optical features of Au NPs, Au NCs, and Au CP structures that are synthesized by template-assisted synthesis exclusively using amines (mainly simple amino acids) and thiol-group containing molecules (e.g., thiolates) as possible reducing and stabilizing molecules. We clearly summarize the dominant effect of the metal ion concentration, the molar ratio of the precursor aurate ions and reducing bioligands, as well as the experimental conditions (e.g., reaction time, temperature, pH, etc.) on the tunable, structure-dependent optical properties (plasmonic or fluorescence) of the Au nano-objects
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