Abstract
Power imbalances such as power shortfalls and photovoltaic (PV) curtailments have become a major problem in conventional power systems due to the introduction of renewable energy sources. There can be large power shortfalls and PV curtailments because of PV forecasting errors. These imbalances might increase when installed PV capacity increases. This study proposes a new scheduling method to reduce power shortfalls and PV curtailments in a PV integrated large power system with a battery energy storage system (BESS). The model of the Kanto area, which is about 30% of Japan’s power usage with 60 GW grid capacity, is used in simulations. The effect of large PV power integration of 50 GW and 100 GW together with large BESS capacity of 100 GWh and 200 GWh has been studied. Mixed integer linear programming technique is used to calculate generator unit commitment and BESS charging and discharging schedules. The simulation results are shown for two months with high and low solar irradiance, which include days with large PV over forecast and under forecast errors. The results reveal that the proposed method eliminates power shortfalls by 100% with the BESS and reduce the PV curtailments by 69.5% and 95.2% for the months with high and low solar irradiance, respectively, when 200 GWh BESS and 100 GW PV power generation are installed.
Highlights
In recent years, the introduction of renewable energy has been significantly promoted all over the world
A large number of thermal power generators and a large battery energy storage system (BESS) are used for supply–demand maintenance based on the total actual and forecasted PV power outputs installed in the whole power system
We proposed a method for rolling schedule update and operation of a number of generators and BESS in bulk power system based on the forecasted PV
Summary
The introduction of renewable energy has been significantly promoted all over the world. Yang et al [16] have done a comprehensive study on UC with renewable generation and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) They have integrated a stochastic wind power model and solar energy model in day-ahead UC. Kobayashi et al [24] proposed a coordinated operation method for thermal power generators and a large BESS in a bulk power system. Saint-Pierre et al [28] evaluated the impact of the update frequency and the schedule period on the supply–demand operation of 11 kV distribution networks where the UC schedule of large generators in bulk power systems were not focused. There are few research works found in the literature which engaged on the schedule update for bulk power systems considering the detailed constraints of a large number of thermal generators and the meteorological forecast model. These studies are very important to the utilities which have the responsibility to maintain the supply–demand balance in the real-time operation as well as to make the daily supply–demand schedule with sufficient upward/downward reserve capacities
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