Abstract
The impact of conventional and of electric-field enhanced thermal oxidization on photorefractive index changes in nominally undoped lithium niobate crystals is investigated. Light-induced birefringence changes are measured with a Senarmont compensator for various light intensities and for crystals after different oxidization treatments. It is shown that the conventional annealing in oxygen atmosphere suppresses the unwanted index changes by a factor of 5. However, thermo-electric oxidization leads to a suppression by one order of magnitude. This effect is attributed to a permanent lowering of the amount of photoexcitable charge carriers achieved by the thermo-electric oxidization treatment. Such oxidized crystals can be very useful for, e.g., second harmonic generation or optical parametric oscillation.
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