Abstract
Eleven patients on maintenance hemodialysis, aged 19–31, and 16 healthy controls, aged 19–25, rated the similarity in odor for all 91 combinations of pairs of 14 commercial food flavors. A multidimensional scaling procedure, INDSCAL, was applied to the similarity measurements, yielding a common two-dimensional space in which flavors rated similar in odor were arranged close to one another in the space; flavors judged dissimilar were located distant from one another. INDSCAL is an individual difference model which provides weights for each subject on each of the dimensions of the common multidimensional space. The weights as well as the arrangements of flavors in multidimensional spaces for individual subjects indicated that the renal patients had sharply reduced ability to judge qualitative odor differences between food flavors. Hedonic ratings were obtained for all subjects on the 14 flavors as well. The direction of preference was similar for both renal patients and controls, with the odor of fruits preferred over meats. However, the median hedonic ratings for the two groups, renals and controls, revealed that renal patients rated thirteen of the fourteen odors more unpleasant than the controls.
Published Version
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