Reduced Graphene Oxide-Modified Carbon Paste Sensors for Sensitive Adsorptive Voltammetric Determination of Oxfendazole

Abstract

Herein, a novel carbon paste electrode incorporated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was electrochemically characterized for sensitive adsorptive voltammetric determination of oxfendazole (OXF) in veterinary formulations and spiked milk samples. On the electrode surface, oxfendazole showed a reversible electrooxidation behavior through a mixed adsorption-diffusion with the involvement of one-electron on the electroanalytical measurements and molecular orbital studies. Linear calibration curves were constructed within OXF concentration ranged from 1.75 to 1890.9 ng ml−1 with LOD value of 0.85 ng ml−1. Compared with the reported OXF sensor, the rGO based sensors showed improved sensitivity with measurement reproducibility and long operational lifetime and shelf lifetime. The fabricated sensors were applied for the quantification of oxfendazole in the local veterinary formulations and spiked milk samples with high accuracy and precision compared with the traditional spectrophotometric techniques.